It was a modern thriving economy one day, and then, suddenly, the food disappeared from the shelves, the banks closed, and the ships stopped arriving. Iceland in 2008 experienced an unprecedented economic meltdown that struck fear in the hearts of people all over the world. If it could happen here, it could happen anywhere.

The economic crisis led to a political crisis, with resignations galore. The whining and wailing about the disaster continues to this day, with most commentators blaming deregulation and the free market.

In Deep Freeze, economists Philipp Bagus and David Howden demonstrate that the real cause of the calamity was bad central bank policy. Rates were way too low, banks were too big to fail, housing was implicitly guaranteed, and banks were borrowing short term from abroad to finance long term bonds.

The authors discuss the implications of this maturity mismatching and zero in on the central bank policies that encouraged unsound practices. They demonstrate the cause and effect without a shadow of a doubt, using vast amounts of data and a detailed sector-by-sector look at the economy of Iceland.

What they find is another instance of the Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle, working itself out in a way that is customized for a time and place.

Toby Baxendale writes the introducton to this story that reads like a great novel. It serves as a reminder that central banking policies aren't just about monetary arcana. They affect our lives in profound and sometimes catastrophic ways.

The Iceland Freeze is one of the great historical cases that makes Mises’s point. Let it always serve as a reminder of what happens when the laws of the market are papered over by politicians and central bankers.

This account is likely to remain the definitive one for many years.

Download Free eBook: Deep Freeze: Iceland's Economic Collapse

PDF format, 18.6MB, 157Pages.

Philipp Bagus
Rey Juan Carlos University
David Howden
St. Louis University—Madrid Campus
Ludwig von Mises Institute

Introduction
Following the bankruptcy of the American investment bank, Lehman Brothers, in late 2008, credit markets all over the world seized up, in a striking manifestation of the interconnectivity of the global economy. When the dust had settled, the crisis had wiped out trillions of dollars of investments, and the previously well-functioning credit markets had stalled. the most spectacular bankruptcy of the 2008 financial crisis was the collapse of Iceland’s financial system. This collapse is especially intriguing as Iceland is not an underdeveloped country (it ranked third in the United Nations’ 2009 Human Development Index).

During the several years leading up to the collapse, Iceland experienced an economic boom. The Icelandic financial system expanded considerably; a nation with a population only slightly larger than Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and a physical size smaller than the American state of Kentucky erected a banking system whose total assets were ten times the size of the country’s GDP. ...

CONTENTS
1 Introduction 1
2 Maturity Mismating 7
3 The IMF, Moral Hazard, and the Temptation of Foreign Funds 27
4 Currency Mismating 37
5 The Consequences of the Boom: Malinvestments 51
6 A Timeline of the Collapse 73
7 Why the Fed Could Save Its Bankers, But the CBI Could Not 95
8 The Necessary Restructuring 105
9 Concluding Remarks 115

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