The articles included in this Proceedings were presented at the conference “Migration, Trade, and Development,” held at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas on October 6, 2006. The conference was hosted by the Dallas Fed and Southern Methodist University’s Tower Center for Political Studies and Department of Economics and sponsored in part by the Jno E. Owens Foundation.

We would like to thank a number of people who helped make this conference possible, especially Richard W. Fisher, president of the Dallas Fed, and Harvey Rosenblum, the Bank’s executive vice president and director of research. We also thank Phil Martin and Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes for filling in at the last minute and doing such an excellent job.

Finally, we want to express our gratitude to the Jno E. Owens Foundation for its generous support. The foundation was established in 1953 by Jewell Montague Owens in memory of her husband, a prominent Texas banker. During his lifetime, Mr. Owens was intensely interested in international economics, and it was his wish to establish a foundation that would memorialize his lifelong interest in international relations and his commitment to free trade.

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Hosted by Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
The Tower Center for Political Studies and the
Department of Economics at Southern Methodist University
Jno E. Owens Foundation
Edited by James F. Hollifield, Pia M. Orrenius, and Thomas Osang

Published December 2007
ISBN 0-9763494-3-4

Migration, Trade, and Development: An Overview
James F. Hollifield, Pia M. Orrenius, and Thomas Osang

Migration and trade are more prevalent today than ever before in the history of the world. The United States is the recipient of about one-third of the world’s migrants and accounted for a quarter of the world’s output and 13 percent of the world’s trade in 2005. But the global significance of the U.S. economy is slowly declining, and while the effects of migration and trade on the U.S. economy have been examined time and again, questions concerning the impact of migration and trade on development in lowincome countries are of growing importance.

Simple, neoclassical economic models predict that prices should drive factors such as labor and capital across regions and countries toward their most valuable use. As this happens, developing countries, which are typically labor-rich and capital-scarce, should experience more rapid growth, higher income, and eventually convergence to industrial world levels of well-being. This process is happening slowly in some cases, but in other cases not at all.

Do migration and trade speed this convergence? If so, how? If not, why? These questions are addressed from different perspectives in the following papers presented at the conference “Migration, Trade, and Development,” held in Dallas in October 2006. ...

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About the Contributors:

Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes
Professor
San Diego State University

Amuedo-Dorantes is a professor of economics at San Diego State University. She served as visiting fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California in 2006–07. Her areas of interest include labor economics, international migration, and international finance, and she has published on contingent employment, the informal work sector, immigrant saving, international remittances, and immigrant health care. She has served as a research fellow at the Institute for the Study of Labor in Bonn, Germany, and research associate at Fundación Centro de Estudios Andaluces.

She was previously a research associate at the Center for Human Resource Research at Ohio State University. Amuedo-Dorantes holds an M.A. and a Ph.D. from Western Michigan University and a J.D. from Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain.

Barry R. Chiswick
Head, Department of Economics
University of Illinois at Chicago

In addition to serving as economics department head, Chiswick is a distinguished professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He is also a research professor in the sociology department and in the Survey Research Laboratory at UIC and is founding director of the UIC Center for Economic Education. Chiswick is the program director for migration studies at the Institute for the Study of Labor in Bonn, Germany. He has held permanent and visiting appointments at UCLA, Columbia University, City University of New York, Stanford University, Princeton University, Hebrew University ( Jerusalem), Tel Aviv University, University of Haifa, and the University of Chicago.

He has served as a senior staff economist on the president’s Council of Economic Advisers and is a former chairman of the American Statistical Association Census Advisory Committee. Chiswick is a consultant to numerous U.S. government agencies, the World Bank and other international organizations. He is associate editor of the Journal of Population Economics and Research in Economics of the Household. His latest book is The Economics of Language with Paul W. Miller. Chiswick received his Ph.D. from Columbia University.

Gary P. Freeman
Chair, Department of Government
University of Texas at Austin

Freeman is professor and chair of the government department at the University of Texas, where he specializes in the politics of immigration, comparative social policy, and politics in Western democracies. He has been a visiting professor at Cornell University, Australian National University, the Australian Defence Force Academy, Monash University, and the University of Pennsylvania. Freeman is author of two books, Immigrant Labor and Racial Conflict in Industrial Societies and Nations of Immigrants: Australia, the United States, and International Migration (edited with James Jupp), and author or coauthor of over 50 journal articles and book chapters. His most recent work appeared in West European Politics, Comparative European Politics, Journal of Common Market Studies and International Migration Review. Freeman holds a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin.

James F. Hollifield
Director, John G. Tower Center for Political Studies
Southern Methodist University

Hollifield is the Arnold Professor of International Political Economy and director of the Tower Center for Political Studies at SMU. He previously held faculty appointments at Auburn, Brandeis, and Duke universities. He was also a research associate at Harvard’s Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies.

He has worked as a consultant for the U.S. government, the United Nations, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The author of numerous books and articles, Hollifield recently completed his fifth book, Immigration et L’Etat-Nation (Immigration and the Nation-State), which looks at the rapidly evolving relationship among trade, migration, and the nation-state. He is coeditor of Pathways to Democracy: The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions with Calvin Jillson (1999) and Migration Theory: Talking Across Disciplines with Caroline B. Brettell (2000). Hollifield received his Ph.D. from Duke University.

Kent H. Hughes
Program Director
Woodrow Wilson International Center

Hughes is director of the Program on Science, Technology, America, and the Global Economy (STAGE) at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Previously, he served as associate deputy secretary at the Commerce Department, president of the Council on Competitiveness, and staff attorney for the Urban Law Institute.

Hughes also held a number of senior positions with the U.S. Congress, focusing on international economic issues. He is author of Building the Next American Century: The Past and Future of Economic Competitiveness and Trade, Taxes, and Transnationals: International Economic Decision Making in Congress. Hughes holds a B.A. from Yale University, an LL.B. from Harvard Law School, and a Ph.D. in economics from Washington University.

Valerie F. Hunt
Assistant Professor
Southern Methodist University

An assistant professor of political science and an immigration scholar, Hunt studies how divisive issues are addressed in a democratic system. She is an expert on Middle East affairs, U.S. immigration, U.S.–Mexico relations, media and
politics, and media strategies of political participants within the U.S. policy arena.

She is working on a book manuscript with the tentative title Courts, Congress, and the Politics of U.S. Immigration Policy Reform. Hunt, who joined SMU in 2003, has served as a fellow of several national centers, most recently the Center for the Study of Democratic Politics in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. She holds a B.A. in international studies from Rhodes College, an M.A. in international relations from the University of Southern California, and a Ph.D. in political science from the University of Washington.

Philip L. Martin
Professor
University of California, Davis

Martin is professor of agricultural and resource economics and chair of the University of California’s 60-member Comparative Immigration and Integration Program. He served on the Commission of Agricultural Workers that assessed the effects of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 and is on the editorial boards of International Migration Review and International Migration. He also edits two newsletters, Migration News and Rural Migration News. Martin has testified before Congress and state and local agencies on various issues, including farm labor and rural poverty, labor migration and population, and immigration.

Martin holds a B.A. and M.A. in economics, an M.S. in agricultural economics, and a Ph.D. in economics and agricultural economics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

Pia M. Orrenius
Senior Economist
Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas

Orrenius’ research focuses on Mexico–U.S. migration, illegal immigration, and U.S. immigration policy. As a labor economist at the Dallas Fed, she also analyzes the regional economy, with special focus on labor markets and the border region. Orrenius spent the 2004–05 academic year as senior economist on the president’s Council of Economic Advisers in Washington, D.C., where she advised the Bush administration on immigration, health, and labor issues. She holds B.A. degrees in economics and Spanish from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of California,

Los Angeles.
Thomas Osang
Associate Professor
Southern Methodist University

An associate professor of economics at SMU, Osang researches the international economy and growth and development. He has been a visiting scholar at multiple institutions, including the Center for European Economic Research and Tilburg University in the Netherlands. His work has appeared in numerous publications, including the American Economic Review, Review of International Economics, and Journal of Development Economics. Osang holds a B.A. and M.A. in economics from the University of Dortmund in Germany and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of California, San Diego.

Gustav Ranis
Professor
Yale University

Ranis is the Frank Altschul Professor Emeritus of International Economics at Yale. Since joining Yale in 1960, Ranis has also served as director of the Yale Center for International and Area Studies, the Economic Growth Center, and the Yale–Pakistan Project. His teaching centers around development economics, interdependence between rich and poor countries, and political economy.

He is author of Development of the Labor Surplus Economy and Growth and Development from an Evolutionary Perspective. Ranis has published 13 books and numerous articles. He is an editorial board member of the Journal of International Development, Journal of Asian Economics, Oxford Development Studies, and Central Asian Journal. He served as assistant administrator for programs and policy in the
Agency for International Development, U.S. Department of State. Ranis is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, National Council of the United Nations Association of the United States of America (UNA-USA), and American Council for the United Nations University. He holds a bachelor’s degree from Brandeis University and a doctoral degree from Yale University.

Dilip Ratha
Senior Economist
World Bank

Ratha is an internationally recognized expert on remittances and migration.

He has authored numerous articles on international finance topics such as determinants of World Bank lending, relationships between official and private capital flows, short-term debt, and financial crisis. Prior to joining the World Bank, Ratha worked as a regional economist for Asian emerging markets at Credit Agricole Indosuez and as assistant professor at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. He has a Ph.D. in economics from the Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi.

Raymond Robertson
Associate Professor
Macalester College

An associate professor of economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minn., Robertson focuses on the effects of globalization on workers. Previously, Robertson taught at Syracuse University. His current research is supported by the World Bank, the Mellon Foundation, and the Inter-American Development Bank. His work has been published in the American Economic Review, Review of Economics and Statistics, World Economy, and Journal of International Economics. Robertson holds a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Texas.

Marc R. Rosenblum
Associate Professor
University of New Orleans

As associate professor of political science at the University of New Orleans, Rosenblum teaches courses in comparative politics and political research methods.

His research interests include immigration and U.S. immigration policymaking, U.S.–Latin American relations, and Latin American politics. Rosenblum is author of The Transnational Politics of U.S. Immigration Policy (2004) and is completing a book on immigration and the U.S. national interest. He has also published articles in numerous academic journals, including Latin American Politics and Society, Political Power and Social Theory, and Annual Review of Political Science.

Rosenblum is the recipient of several awards, including a Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs Fellowship in 2005. He spent fall 2005 as a visiting fellow at the Migration Policy Institute and worked as a counsel to U.S. Sen. Edward Kennedy during the Senate’s immigration debate in spring 2006. Rosenblum earned a doctoral degree from the University of California, San Diego.

Mark R. Rosenzweig
Professor
Yale University

Rosenzweig, the Frank Altschul Professor of International Economics and director of the Economic Growth Center at Yale, studies the causes and consequences of economic development and international migration. He is one of the
principal investigators for the New Immigrant Survey, the first national longitudinal survey of immigrants in the United States, and has testified before Congress on immigration. Rosenzweig serves as editor of the Journal of Development
Economics. He is coauthor of The New Chosen People: Immigrants in the United States with G. Jasso and coeditor of Contractual Arrangements, Employment and Wages in Rural Labor Markets with H.P. Binswanger. He is a fellow of the Econometric Society and a recipient of a Woodrow Wilson Dissertation Fellowship.

Rosenzweig has held visiting posts at several universities, including the Wei Lun Visiting Professorship at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He earned B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees from Columbia University.

J. Edward Taylor
Professor
University of California, Davis

Taylor is a professor of agricultural and resource economics at the University of California, Davis. Since joining UCD in 1987, he has developed an internationally renowned research program on migration and rural labor markets in Mexico and the U.S.

He is codirector of the Program for the Study of Economic Change and Sustainability in Rural Mexico at the Colegio de México in Mexico City. Taylor has written numerous journal articles and book chapters. He is coauthor of International Migration: Prospects and Policies in a Global Market (2004). He holds an M.S. and a Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley.

Jeffrey G. Williamson
Professor
Harvard University

Williamson is Laird Bell Professor of Economics, faculty fellow at the Center for International Development, and faculty associate at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University. He is also research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and research fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research. He taught at the University of Wisconsin for 20 years before joining the Harvard faculty in 1983.

The author of more than 20 books and almost 200 academic articles in economic history, international economics, and economic development, Williamson has served as president of the Economic History Association, chairman of the Harvard Economics Department, and Master of Mather House at Harvard. His most recent books are Global Migration and the World Economy: Two Centuries of Policy and Performance with T. J. Hatton (2005) and Globalization and the Poor Periphery: The Ohlin Lectures (2006).

He has been a visiting professor or visiting scholar at numerous universities throughout the world. He also has had long associations with the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the Inter-American Development Bank as a visiting research fellow and consultant. Williamson received his Ph.D. from Stanford University.

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