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In keeping with NIJ's mission of generating research-based knowledge that can inform policy and benefit practitioners, this Research Report presents a broad-based collection of papers representative of NIJ's portfolio of gang-related research.
It emphasizes program evaluation. Evaluations often indicate the efficacy and/or shortcomings of a program; in either case, the information can be applied by those seeking solutions to similar problems. The Report examines gang-related field, survey, and records research in the interest of gender, race/ethnicity, and criminal justice system interventions.
PREFACE
This collection of papers presents a representative selection of NIJ’s portfolio of gang-related research. The genesis was the upsurge in gang crime beginning in the mid-1980s, which prompted NIJ to expand research in this area.
NIJ’s major focus is to generate research-based knowledge that can inform policy and be useful for practitioners. For that reason, the emphasis in this volume is on evaluations. An evaluation may indicate a program works or doesn’t, but in either case the information can be applied by those seeking solutions to similar problems. The evaluation of Boston’s initiative to halt youth gang violence offers hope that focused law enforcement deterrence works. The assessment of the G.R.E.A.T. program demonstrates that schoolbased prevention can have favorable results.
Police chiefs and local policymakers can use evaluation findings to help develop strategy and deploy resources or move in new directions. Not only were the studies in this volume launched with an eye to practice, but some are themselves the product of researcher-practitioner collaboration. Again, the Boston project is an example, with its partnership of local law enforcement and academics tackling youth homicide. Practitioners and researchers working together in Orange County, California, developed a system for tracking gang crime. ...
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Editors
Winifred L. Reed
Social Science Analyst, National Institute of Justice
Scott H. Decker, Ph.D.
Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri–St. Louis
U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
National Institute of Justice
CONTENTS
Preface..........................................................................................................iii
Chapter 1. A Decade of Gang Research: Findings of the National
Institute of Justice Gang Portfolio ................................................................1
Chapter 2. The Evolution of Street Gangs: An Examination of
Form and Variation......................................................................................25
Chapter 3. Young Women in Street Gangs: Risk Factors,
Delinquency, and Victimization Risk............................................................67
Chapter 4. Youth Gang Homicides in the United States in the 1990s........107
Chapter 5. National Evaluation of the Gang Resistance
Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) Program..........................................139
Chapter 6. Evaluating Nevada’s Antigang Legislation and
Gang Prosecution Units ............................................................................169
Chapter 7. Evaluation of a Task Force Approach to Gangs ........................197
Chapter 8. Gang Prevention Programs for Female Adolescents:
An Evaluation............................................................................................225
Chapter 9. Reducing Gang Violence in Boston..........................................265
Chapter 10. Developing a GIS-Based Regional Gang
Incident Tracking System ..........................................................................289
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