This book, Social Exclusion and Mobility in Brazil, examines issues related to reducing inequality in Brazil. As the volume's editors assert with authority, the current national political climate in Brazil provides an unprecedented space for discussing this topic.

Among the several investigations that have looked at exclusion and social mobility in Brazil, very few have presented as much empirical evidence as the studies included in this volume.

In addition to reviewing the pertinent literature, Social Exclusion and Mobility in Brazil examines the changing income dynamics among homogeneous groups over a 20-year period. The analysis points to factors-such as ethnicity, education, gender, occupation, and location-that affect the probability that a group will remain in the situation of poverty.

 The volume also examines Brazilians' perceptions of these circumstances and the cultural values that make coexistence possible given very high levels of inequality and low levels of mobility. It reveals that Brazilians expect the state-and only the state-to create mechanisms capable of transforming this situation.

This volume presents a set of recommendations for discussion by citizens, academics, and policy makers. These topics include improving labor market equality and increasing access to assets; improving the social security system; supporting the formation of human capital, particularly among youth; reducing discrimination based on characteristics such as race and gender; and strengthening citizenship and participation.

This book is a product of the continuing partnership between the Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA) and the World Bank in the preparation and dissemination of studies to be used as tools for reflection and debate regarding the design and redesign of public policies. It demonstrates the importance of future partnerships between the World Bank and IPEA that focus on ways to reduce inequality in Brazil.

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Social Exclusion and Mobility in Brazil
Edited by
Estanislao Gacitúa Marió
Michael Woolcock
ISBN: 978-0-8213-7219-7
eISBN: 978-0-8213-7220-3
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7219-7

© 2008 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433
Telephone: 202-473-1000
Internet: www.worldbank.org

Chapter 1 Overview: Assessing Social Exclusion and Mobility 1
Estanislao Gacitúa Marió and Michael Woolcock, with Marisa von Bulow
Chapter 2 Social Exclusion and Poverty Dynamics 35
Regis Bonelli, Gustavo Gonzaga, and Alinne Veiga
Chapter 3 Legitimization and Acceptance: How Brazilians Survive Inequalities 81
Maria Celi Scalon and Ignacio Cano
Chapter 4 Conclusions and Recommendations 97
Estanislao Gacitúa Marió

Contributors:

Regis Bonelli is a research associate at the Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), a consultant to Fundação Centro de Estudos do Comércio Exterior (FUNCEX), and a partner at ECOSTRAT. He has been a visiting research fellow at the Centre for Brazilian Studies and a senior associate member of St. Antony’s College, University of Oxford. He holds a bachelor’s degree in engineering from the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro and a doctorate in economics from the University of California at Berkeley.

Ignacio Cano is a professor of sociology at the Universidade Federal Fluminense. He has published on violence, human rights, and the use of force by police in Brazil. He holds a doctorate in sociology from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and completed postdoctoral studies at the University of Michigan and the University of Arizona.

Estanislao Gacitúa Marió is a lead social development specialist with the Sustainable Development Department in the Latin America and Caribbean Region at the World Bank. He joined the Bank in 1993 and holds a doctorate in philosophy from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, a master’s degree in sociology from Kansas State University, and a doctor of veterinary medicine degree from Universidad de Chile.

Gustavo Gonzaga is an associate professor of economics at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, where he received his master’s degree in economics. He holds a doctorate in economics from the University of California at Berkeley.

Maria Celi Scalon is a professor at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. She has been a visiting scholar at Nuffield College, University of Oxford. She holds a master’s degree and a doctorate in sociology, both from the Graduate Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro.

Alinne Veiga is a researcher at the Instituto de Estudos do Trabalho e Sociedade (the Brazilian Institute of Work and Society). She holds a master’s degree in social statistics from the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom.

Marisa von Bulow is a professor in the political science department at the University of Brasília. She holds a master’s degree in social sciences from the Latin American School of Social Sciences (FLACSO-Mexico) and is currently doing her doctoral studies in political science at Johns Hopkins University.

Michael Woolcock is a senior social scientist with the Development Research Group at the World Bank. He is currently on external leave as research director of the Brooks World Poverty Institute at the University of Manchester (United Kingdom). He has taught at the University of Queensland (Australia), Brown University, and Harvard University. He holds a master’s degree and doctorate in sociology from Brown University.

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