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To Advance Their Opportunities 
Federal Policies Toward African American Workers from World War I to the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Judson MacLaury, a retired historian for the U.S. Department of Labor, reveals the inner workings of government to enact change for black workers in To Advance Their Opportunities: Federal Policies Toward African American Workers from World War I to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
MacLaury chronicles the development of federal policies and programs impacting African American workers, deftly examining the fascinating and rarely seen workings of federal bureaucracies as they attempted to rein in racism in the nation’s federally funded workplaces.
He traces the hard-won gains made by African American workers and the crucial role of the civil rights movement and its supporters in urging the federal government to action. This scholarly and timely work also lays out the roots and development of affirmative action.
This narrative synthesizes the fifty-year story of the struggle to make the federal government more responsive to the plight
of African American workers and the efforts to make the nation’s workplaces significantly more fair and just towards this long-oppressed population.
Useful to scholars but accessible to all, To Advance Their Opportunities is an engaging portrait of the role of government in seeking to realize the goal of a color-blind society of equals.
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Judson MacLaury
Foreword by Ray Marshall
Newfound Press
The University of Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee
CONTENTS
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Part I: Crisis-Driven Federal Action from World War I Through the Great Depression,
1914-1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 1: World War I and After . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter 2: Depression and New Deal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Part II: Institutionalization of Executive Action, 1940-1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Chapter 3: World War II and the FEPC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Chapter 4: Truman Administration, 1945-1952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Chapter 5: Eisenhower Administration, 1953-1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Part III: Culmination of Executive Action, 1960-1964. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Chapter 6: Birth of the President's Committee
on Equal Employment Opportunity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Chapter 7: The Committee Gets Underway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Chapter 8: The Kheel Report and Beyond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Chapter 9: The Department of Labor in the
Kennedy-Johnson Era. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Epilogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Notes . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Bibliography . . . .
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